Rakhigarhi excavation:Correcting History

Ancient marvel Harappa was discovered about 100 years ago.It was John Marshell ,the then head of Archeological Survey of India ,who ordered for the excavation work which ends in finding one of the most developed civilisation of world.

Culture & Civilisation

There is a difference in the term Culture and Civilisation although they are used interchangeably.When we mention Harappan culture,we should mean the more ancient duration 5500 BCE to 1500 BCE but when we use the term Harappan civilisation it should be specifically pointing the duration when this was at its peak around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE .There had been a transformation from culture to civilisation.

Common people understands all the ancient findings as INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION but it is not that simple .
There are four  different points which needs to be looked upon.
When Harappa got discovered in 1920 ,it was found near the Ravi river which is a tributary of Indus ,later in 1922 when Mohenjo-Daro was discovered that was located between Indus and Ghagghar Hakra River.Archeologist begin to use the term Indus civilisation.Both city is now in Pakistan ,former in Punjab and later in Sindh ,both are around 675 km apart.
After 1950,when number of sites begin to discover across Saraswati river some historians suggested 'Indus Saraswati civilisation' but some still advocates Indus valley civilization .At present ,2/3 rd of Harappan civilisation was discovered in Sarswati basin because it was very fertile.

So it's good to use the term as it was original used as Harappan civilisation.  Depiction of Harappan history had been biased .Some people believe India’s earliest inhabitants were the Dravidians of Harappa and Mohenjodaro. According to the Aryan Invasion Theory promoted by the erstwhile British rulers of India, these Dravidians were driven away South by the mighty Aryans who migrated from Central Asia during the 2nd millennium BCE.

Hoax of Aryan Invasion

Several school students all over India still continue to learn about the Aryan Invasion Theory.However, there is no evidence to support this 19th century theory which was propagated by Indologists like Max Muller. The theory was deliberately misused by colonial powers to divide the North and South, and upper and lower castes.
Swami Vivekananda also questioned the myth of the Aryan invasion. “There is not one word in our scriptures, not one to prove that the Aryans ever came from anywhere outside India … the whole of India is Aryan, nothing else,”
Geographical details also challenge the theory. “The Rig Veda has numerous references to ocean, ships, sailing, storms and waves, all of which invaders from Central Asia would not have known about,”

"𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬. 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐬, 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐞𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐛𝐢𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧."
       Above are the words of   𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟. (𝐃𝐫.) 𝐕𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞 who lead an excavation work in Rakhigarhi. There were 3 major research goal,to find the total area of the site,to find transformation from culture to civilisation and to know who were the Harappan people??

Around 150 kilometre North West of  Delhi Rakhigarhi is located  in Hisar district of Haryan
The findings revealed that there is a big flaw in so called Aryan Invasion theory or Steppe migration theory which has been the  believed norm till now.

Most of us have read about Hadappa and Mohenjo-Daro ,the latter was made popular by a film featuring Hrithik Roshan in lead role .These are the two major cities of Indian valley civilisation .It is unfortunate that many of us are not aware of vast expanse of Indus valley civilisation.They are many sites like Lothal, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi which gives us insight about our ancestory

The scientific paper on the DNA  snalysis of Harappan skeleton of Rakhigarhi that there was no Aryan invasion and Aryan migration and all development right from hunting gathering stage to modern times in South  Asia
Were done by Indeginious people.

From Rakhigarhi sample they  found out that the Harappans were not carrying any genetie signatures from Iranian-related ancestry. This is extremely fascinating and.indicative that agriculture in South Asia was invented and
practiced by the indigenous population. This sets aside the previous belief that farming was brought by Neolithic Iranians.

It is also evident that significant movement of Harappans was towards the Central Asia. For the first time they reported "Out of India Theory" on the basis of the presence of Harappans-like ancestry in Turkmenistan and
Iran population contemporary to Mature IndusValley era.

Harappan Civilization was one of theglorious and oldest civilizations in the Old World and proving that the authors/custodiansof the First Civilization were indigenous South Asians. Furthermore most of the SouthAsian population are carrying Harappan genes including those who are raising doubts about this findings.

In the ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi, scientists identify R1a, one of the hundreds of Y-DNA haplogroups (or male lineages that are passed on from fathers to sons). They also identify H2b — one of the hundreds of mt-DNA haplogroups (or female lineages that are passed on from mothers to daughters) — that has often been found in proximity to R1a.

It would mean that so called Invaders was present in India around 2,600 BC when the Indus Valley civilisation was flourishing. For the advocates of the Vedic Aryans-as-Harappans theory, the finding would be the long-awaited confirmation. The Indus Valley civilisation was Vedic, and the Aryans were those who built it.

The paper makes three key points: The skeletal remains from the Rakhigarhi individual was from a population that is “the largest source of ancestry for South Asians”; the “Iranian related ancestry in South Asia split from Iranian plateau lineage over 12,000 years ago”; the “first farmers of the fertile crescents contributed little to no ancestry to later south Asians”.

Genetically Steppe introgression in South Asia has not happened until 1000   BCE. Furthermore mixing with Steppes was gradual and not sudden, thus rejects the invasion or replacement of the local South Asians with the Steppes and it  also indicates that vedic knowledge was indigenous .

Steppes have arrived to India and mixed with the local populations and exchanged their genetic material but not the ancestry, knowledge and culture.
They have also observed that there was a great deal of variance due to differential mixing with diverse local populations.
The increase of Steppe in Swat valley is probably due to moch concentration of the Steppes at the region after 1000 BC.

Findings can be concluded

Harappan Culture and Civilization developed by the indigenous people
No Aryan invasion or migration but movement was happening thought-out from the beginning of agriculture in South Asia

The Out of India Hypothesis

Neither Steppes Pastorals not Iranian Farmers contributed to the development of South Asian Ancestry

Major South Asians today are the descendants of the Harappan.

Archaeological as well as Genetic evidence indicates continuity till today

During the past  years, several anthropological and genetic studies have emphasized a demographic continuity and a genomic unity in the Indian population. These experts, like archaeologists, also ruled out the arrival of new people. “It’s been concluded that BHARAT was an ethnic museum.